General

General support for Linux topics.

Explainshell - Shell commands explained

Desktop Environments for Linux

In Linux, there are so many choices, and this includes the desktop environments and window managers. The most popular desktop environments in Linux are GNOME, Unity, Cinnamon, MATE, KDE, Xfce, and LXDE. All of them offer sophisticated point-and-click graphical user interfaces (GUI) which are on par with the desktop environments found in Windows and Mac OS X. ...One great feature of Linux is that programs / applications that are made to run in any one of these desktop environments will normally work in the others. For example, GNOME Games can also run in KDE, Xfce, or LXDE while KDE Games can likewise run in GNOME, Xfce, and LXDE ... ... However, when installing multiple Linux desktop environments / window managers on the same computer, it is important to know that there will be may redundancies between similar applications (system tools, games, etc.) found within each ... https://renewablepcs.wordpress.com/about-linux/kde-gnome-or-xfce/

Adding Root and Intermediate Certificates

How to add Root and Intermediate Certificates on Debian and Fedora Systems.

https://thomas-leister.de/en/how-to-import-ca-root-certificate/ https://community.brave.com/t/https-ssl-certificate/458526

UNDER CONSTRUCTION!!!!!

System cert store

You need to have the Certificates in a .crt format in order to add them.

Install cert

snap install nordpass

Firefox cert store

Install Nordpass

snap install nordpass

Brave cert store

Install Nordpass

snap install nordpass

XRDP

Add RDP to Linux. In this case to a Rocky Linux 9 machine.

dnf install epel-release
dnf install xrdp
systemctl start xrdp
systemctl enable xrdp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3389/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

RDP GUI

For use of RDP Sessions with multiple monitors but not all are intended for use.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119880/make-freerdp-prompt-user-for-username-and-password

Code

#!/bin/bash

# XFreeRDP RemoteApp W/ Prompt Script
# Version 0.4
# Description:
# XFreeRDP Remote App Script utilizing Zenity to populate variables

OUTPUT=$(zenity --forms --title="Connection Information" \
    --text="Enter information about your Remote Connection" \
    --separator="," \
    --add-entry="Server (Default: pc-ai-130157)" \
    --add-entry="Port (Default: 3389)" \
    --add-entry="Domain (Optional)" \
    --add-entry="Username" \
    --add-password="Password" \
    --add-entry="Remote App Name (Optional)" \
    --add-entry="Monitors (Default: 1,2)" \
    --forms-date-format="%Y-%m-%d")
OUTPUT_RESULTS=$?
if ((OUTPUT_RESULTS != 0)); then
    echo "Something went wrong"
    exit 1
fi

Blank=""
Server=$(awk -F, '{print $1}' <<<$OUTPUT)
if [ "$Server" = "$Blank" ]; then
    Server="pc-ai-130157.gv.li"
else
    Port="$Server"
fi

Port=$(awk -F, '{print $2}' <<<$OUTPUT)
if [ "$Port" = "$Blank" ]; then
    Port="3389"
else
    Port="$Port"
fi

Domain=$(awk -F, '{print $3}' <<<$OUTPUT)
Username=$(awk -F, '{print $4}' <<<$OUTPUT)
Password=$(awk -F, '{print $5}' <<<$OUTPUT)
App=$(awk -F, '{print $6}' <<<$OUTPUT)
Monitors=$(awk -F, '{print $7}' <<<$OUTPUT)

if [ "$App" = "$Blank" ]; then
    App="$App"
    Title="$Server"
else
    AppName="$App"
    Title="$AppName on $Server"
    App="/app:||$App"
fi

if [ "$Monitors" = "$Blank" ]; then
    Monitors="1,2"
fi

#zenity --info --title="Information Return" --text="$Server $Port $Domain $Username $Password $App"
xfreerdp /t:"$Title" /v:$Server:$Port /d:$Domain /multimon /monitors:$Monitors /drive:_home_ebno_Share,/home/ebno/Share 
/u:$Username /p:$Password $App /cert-ignore +clipboard

Password=""

GTK Dialog

Gtk dialog boxes are a convenient way to prompt the user for a small amount of input, such as displaying a message or asking a question.

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7035/how-to-show-a-gui-message-box-from-a-bash-script-in-linux

Everyone mentions zenity, there seem to be many others. A mixed up but interesting list is at http://alternativeto.net/software/zenity/

zenity:

First, an example of zenity featuring text formatting markup, window title, button label.

zenity \
--info \
--text="Time is $(date +%Hh%M).\n\nGet your coffee." \
--title="Coffee time" \
--ok-label="Sip"

gxmessage:

gxmessage "my text"

xmessage:

xmessage is very old so it is stable and probably available in all distributions that use X (since it's distributed with X). It is customizable through X resources, for those that have been using Linux or Unix for long enough to know what it means (.Xdefaults, anyone ?).

xmessage -buttons Ok:0,"Not sure":1,Cancel:2 -default Ok -nearmouse "Is xmessage enough for the job ?" -timeout 10

kdialog (KDE tool):

kdialog --error "Some error occurred"

YAD (Yet Another Dialog):

Yad is included in newer Ubuntu versions. There is also this PPA: YAD: Zenity On Steroids [Display Graphical Dialogs From Shell Scripts] ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog. Does not seem to auto-size dialogs.

echo My text | yad \
--text-info \
--width=400 \
--height=200

An bigger example

yad \
--title="Desktop entry editor" \
--text="Simple desktop entry editor" \
--form \
--field="Type:CB" \
--field="Name" \
--field="Generic name" \
--field="Comment" \
--field="Command:FL" \
--field="Icon" \
--field="In terminal:CHK" \
--field="Startup notify:CHK" "Application" "Name" "Generic name" "This is the comment" "/usr/bin/yad" "yad" FALSE TRUE \
--button="WebUpd8:2" \
--button="gtk-ok:0" \
--button="gtk-cancel:1"

Others not in Ubuntu standard repositories:

- shellgui - xdialog - gtkdialog

Off-topic (for terminal):

whiptail --msgbox "my text" 10 20
dialog --msgbox "my text" 10 20

Aliases

Aliases are a very handy tool to create a shortend version of a frequently used command by the user.

Example

vim ~/.bashrc

#My custom aliases
alias s='ssh -l$USERNAME'

#Reload config for current session
source ~/.bashrc

Misc

xkill

Kill x11 Software when clicking on it.

whoami | who am i

USER@PCNAME:~/home$ whoami
USER

USER@PCNAME:~/home$ sudo su -

root@PCNAME:~# who am i
USER  pts/3        2023-09-28 15:19

paste clipboard with keyboard

Source: https://www.bitbull.ch/wiki/index.php/Linux_Short_Reference#paste_clipboard_with_keyboard

this may be super useful for console connections into VMs
sh -c 'sleep 0.5; xdotool type "$(xclip -o -selection clipboard)"'

port checker function ^[1]

check_port() {
  if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
    echo "Usage: check_port <HOST> <PORT>"
    echo "Example: check_port 127.0.0.1 22"
    return 1
  else
    local host=$1
    local port=$2
    (echo > "/dev/tcp/$host/$port") >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "$host,$port,open" || echo "$host,$port,closed"
  fi
}

GPU

Everything to know about all the different GPU CLI Tools for every vendor.

https://www.cyberciti.biz/open-source/command-line-hacks/linux-gpu-monitoring-and-diagnostic-commands/

gpustat
intel_gpu_top
nvidia-smi
nvtop
radeontop

Software

General Software for Linux

PSensor - Temperatursensor

Temperatursensor for GUI

https://linuxhint.com/check-cpu-temperature-linux/

Install psensor

sudo apt install psensor

ncdu - NCurses Disk Usage

Ncdu is a disk usage analyzer with an ncurses interface. It is designed to find space hogs on a remote server where you don’t have an entire graphical setup available...

https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu

Install ncdu

sudo apt install ncdu
cd to/desired/directory && ncdu

Citrix Workspace App

## How to install Citrix Workspace App  on Linux Mint

#1: Download & install DEB Package

https://www.citrix.com/downloads/workspace-app/linux/workspace-app-for-linux-latest.html

Double klick on DEB Package

#2: Add missing Root CA (CTX203362 - SSL Error 61)

sudo cp /etc/ssl/certs/SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem

#3: Start using Citrix

Enjoy :=)

FortiClient

How to install FortiClient on Linux Mint 22 Source & Ubuntu 24.04. LTS

# Dependecies on Linux Mint 22
sudo su -
mkdir /opt/forti_vpn_dependecies
cd /opt/forti_vpn_dependecies
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libappindicator/libappindicator1_12.10.1+20.10.20200706.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/libd/libdbusmenu/libdbusmenu-gtk4_16.04.1+18.10.20180917-0ubuntu8_amd64.deb
apt install  ./libappindicator1_12.10.1+20.10.20200706.1-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ./libdbusmenu-gtk4_16.04.1+18.10.20180917-0ubuntu8_amd64.deb

# Dependecies on Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
sudo apt install libnss3-tools

# Download FortiClient from https://www.fortinet.com/support/product-downloads

## Deb package
wget https://links.fortinet.com/forticlient/deb/vpnagent
## RPM package
wget https://links.fortinet.com/forticlient/rhel/vpnagent

sudo apt install ./forticlient_vpn_7.4.0.1636_amd64.deb 
# else
sudo dpkg -i forticlient_vpn_7.4.0.1636_amd64.deb

How to uninstall

sudo apt remove forticlient
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt remove libappindicator1
sudo apt remove libdbusmenu-gtk4

Linux Mint

Hints and tips for Linux Mint

Snap(d)

Hint: The file 'nosnap.pref' has to be moved or removed in order to install snap(d)

Install Snap(d)

sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref
sudo apt install snapd

Nordpass

How to install Nordpass on Linux Mint.

Install Nordpass

snap install nordpass

reboot or newly login

logout

Start Nordpass

nordpass

Give permission to Nordpass to manage PW

snap connect nordpass:password-manager-service

Brave Browser

Source: https://brave.com/linux/ as of 11.05.2023

How to install Brave browser on Linux Mint

sudo apt install curl

sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main"|sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list

sudo apt update

sudo apt install brave-browser

Fix for error code 'i386'

Error code for 'doesn't support architecture 'i386' after sudo apt update

Error code

N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'

Fix for error code

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main"|sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list

deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main

Media:Linux.png index.php?title=Category:Linux

↑ bitbull.ch - https://www.bitbull.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Linux_Short_Reference#port_checker_function

[1] tbull.ch - https://www.bitbull.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Linux_Short_Reference#port_checker_function

[1]

Linux

Contents

General

Explainshell - Shell commands explained

Desktop Environments for Linux

Adding Root and Intermediate Certificates

System cert store

Firefox cert store

Brave cert store

XRDP

RDP GUI

GTK Dialog

zenity:

gxmessage:

xmessage:

kdialog (KDE tool):

YAD (Yet Another Dialog):

Others not in Ubuntu standard repositories:

Off-topic (for terminal):

Aliases

Misc

xkill

whoami | who am i

paste clipboard with keyboard

port checker function ^[1]

GPU

Software

PSensor - Temperatursensor

ncdu - NCurses Disk Usage

Citrix Workspace App

FortiClient

Linux Mint

Snap(d)

Nordpass

Brave Browser

Fix for error code 'i386'

Navigation menu

Linux

General

Explainshell - Shell commands explained

Desktop Environments for Linux

Adding Root and Intermediate Certificates

System cert store

Firefox cert store

Brave cert store

XRDP

RDP GUI

GTK Dialog

zenity:

gxmessage:

xmessage:

kdialog (KDE tool):

YAD (Yet Another Dialog):

Others not in Ubuntu standard repositories:

Off-topic (for terminal):

Aliases

Misc

xkill

whoami | who am i

paste clipboard with keyboard

port checker function [1]

GPU

Software

PSensor - Temperatursensor

ncdu - NCurses Disk Usage

Citrix Workspace App

FortiClient

Linux Mint

Snap(d)

Nordpass

Brave Browser

Fix for error code 'i386'

Navigation menu

Search

port checker function ^[1]